Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging forms of an already difficult disease. It sometimes dubbed the “king of cancer“ due to its malignancy, poses challenges in both early detection and late-stage treatment.
Despite relatively low incidence levels, it ranks seventh among causes of global cancer deaths in industrialized countries and was the third most common cause of cancer mortality in the United States in 2020.
Pancreatic Cancer Awareness
Because patients seldom experience symptoms until the disease has reached an advanced stage, pancreatic cancer remains challenging to treat successfully. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, 80 percent of cases aren’t diagnosed until later, difficult-to-treat stages. Thus, despite advancements in detection and management, the five-year survival rate is still only 5 to 10 percent.
Common Types of Pancreatic Cancer
There are two categories of pancreatic cancer—those that affect the exocrine cells in the pancreas and those that affect the endocrine cells. Exocrine cells are glands that secrete hormones and other substances through ducts in the body, whereas endocrine cells secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. The pancreas has both types of cells.
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancers
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: This is the most prevalent form of pancreatic cancer, accounting for about 90 percent of all diagnoses. It affects the exocrine cells in the pancreas ducts that produce digestive enzymes.
Squamous cell carcinoma: This extremely rare cancer forms in the pancreatic ducts from squamous cells not naturally present in the pancreas. This type is so rare that there have not been enough reported cases for its origins to be wholly understood. Rarely discovered early, it has a very poor prognosis.
Adenosquamous carcinoma: Accounting for 1 to 4 percent of exocrine pancreatic cancers, this rare pancreatic cancer presents elements of both ductal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Compared to adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis.
Colloid carcinoma: Comprising only 1 to 3 percent of exocrine cases, this rare form typically develops from a particular type of benign cyst, an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). Because a pancreatic colloid tumor consists of malignant cells suspended in a gelatinous substance known as mucin, it spreads more slowly, is easier to treat than other pancreatic cancers, and has a much better prognosis.
Neuroendocrine Pancreatic Cancer
This type accounts for 5 percent of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. It starts in the endocrine cells, which produce hormones affecting many body processes from metabolism to blood sugar to mood. Survival and recovery rates for this type of cancer are better than those for adenocarcinoma.
Benign Precancerous Lesions
Cysts and other benign tumors, including IPMNs, can form in the pancreas, and some can result in pancreatic cancer. IPMNs and other benign lesions are often discovered while a patient is being scanned for an unrelated condition. Depending on the type of growth and location, your doctor may recommend surgical removal of the lesion or continued monitoring.
What Are the Symptoms and Early Signs of Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer typically doesn’t cause symptoms until it reaches advanced stages. Thus, reliable, early signs are hard to detect.
As it progresses, pancreatic cancer can express the following symptoms:
Loss of appetite
Unplanned weight loss
Abdominal pain that can radiate to the back
Lower back pain
Blood clots (often in the legs, which can manifest as redness, pain, and swelling)
Jaundice
Depression
Light-colored or slimy stools
Dark-colored urine
Itchy skin
Nausea and vomiting
Sudden-onset diabetes or the exacerbation of preexisting diabetes
Note that a range of less-serious conditions can cause the above symptoms. Consult your doctor if you have any of these symptoms.
Despite the poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer is potentially curable if diagnosed early. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, up to 10 percent of patients diagnosed early become disease-free posttreatment. The pancreatic cancer survival-time average is three to three-and-a-half years for patients diagnosed before the tumor grows or spreads.
For people in families with a history of or genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer (pdf), it may be helpful to test even if symptoms are absent. Typically, the preventative tests are either an endoscopic ultrasound or an MRI. Absent symptoms, such testing is only conducted when genetic or hereditary elements indicate a higher risk for the individual. Doctors have sometimes identified early, treatable pancreatic cancers in high-risk individuals with these tests.
What Causes Pancreatic Cancer?
Your pancreas is a gland in the abdomen, between the stomach and spine. It produces hormones that regulate blood sugar levels and enzymes that aid digestion. Pancreatic cancer occurs when the DNA in your pancreas cells develops mutations.
A cell’s DNA contains the blueprints for cell development and death. Such cancerous mutations instruct cells to grow without limit and to persist after normal, healthy cells would perish. In some rare cases, these mutations can be inherited.
The affected cells can then become a tumor. Undetected or untreated, cancer cells can spread to adjacent organs and blood vessels and, over time, to other parts of the body.
Sugar and Pancreatic Cancer
Numerous studies have confirmed the close relationship between sugar and pancreatic function, identifying sugar as a driving factor in the onset of pancreatic cancer. A 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that elevated blood sugar levels triggered metabolic imbalance in mice, leading to pancreatic cancer.
Another study published in Cell Reports in 2020 following nearly 500,000 Europeans over 20 years indicated that a high-sugar diet increased the risk of pancreatic cancer in some individuals and promoted tumor growth and spread.
Who Is More Likely to Develop Pancreatic Cancer?
These factors are associated with an increased risk for pancreatic cancer:
Sugar (above)
Obesity, particularly belly fat
Exposure to certain chemical toxins, such as pesticides and petrochemicals
Family history of genetic vulnerability, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes inherited from a parent
High stress, depression, and anxiety:One study showed that depression may be a precursor to pancreatic cancer, with half of pancreatic cancer patients exhibiting psychiatric symptoms 43 months before physical symptoms appear.
Unhealthy lifestyle: Uncontrolled diet and irregular sleep patterns.
Unbalanced diet: Eating an unvaried and unhealthy diet, such as eating too much meat and not enough fruits and vegetables.
Bad habits: Smoking, drinking alcohol, consuming excessive amounts of coffee, and frequently eating charred foods.
Underlying health factors: Diabetes is a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatitis: Chronic inflammation of the pancreas can lead to cancer, and benign tumors may become malignant.
What Are the Tests to Detect Pancreatic Cancer?
If a person exhibits symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer, specific tests and procedures will assist in diagnosis. If cancer is detected, follow-up tests will help assess the extent of the cancer.
Imaging tests: These diagnostic tools give doctors an image of your pancreas and surrounding organs. Techniques used include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT scan), and positron emission tomography (PET scan).
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS): A tube is passed down the esophagus to provide images from within the abdomen of the pancreas and other adjacent organs.
Biopsy: A small sample of tissue is collected either through a tool inserted into the EUS or, more rarely, via a pin inserted into the pancreas via the abdomen.
Blood test: This test looks for specific proteins in the blood shed by pancreatic cancer cells. The test looks for a particular marker, CA 19-9. This marker may help indicate how well you will respond to treatment. However, not all patients with pancreatic cancer test positive for these markers, so the test’s diagnostic power is limited.
Genetic testing: If you are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, consider getting genetic testing done. This can determine if there’s a hereditary susceptibility in your family to the condition. It can also help your doctors chart a course of treatment for you.
If a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is confirmed, your doctor will seek to determine the extent (stage) of the cancer, which helps indicate which treatments are most likely to help. Stages of cancer range from zero to 4. The lower stages mean the cancer is confined to the pancreas. In later stages, cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body.
Finally, if you are a direct relative—parent, child, or sibling—of someone diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, consider genetic testing for yourself and your family members. The results can tell you if you have the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation that increases the risk for this and other types of cancer. Of course, having this mutation doesn’t mean you’ll develop cancer. But knowing your risk can help improve your chances of an early diagnosis.
What Are the Complications of Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer can develop several complications, typically involving the organs of the digestive system and the nerves surrounding the pancreas.
Bowel Obstruction
A pancreatic tumor can obstruct the duodenum (the initial passage of the small intestine), blocking the movement of digested food from the stomach into the intestine. In this case, your physician may recommend inserting a stent into your small intestine to keep it unobstructed. In some situations, you may need to undergo surgery to have a temporary feeding tube placed or to have the attachment of the stomach relocated to a lower point of the intestines not blocked by cancer.
Jaundice
Pancreatic cancer can block the liver’s bile duct, causing jaundice. The signs of jaundice include yellow skin and eyes, pale stools, and dark urine. Your doctor may recommend inserting a stent (a plastic or metal tube) into the bile duct to keep it unobstructed.
Pain
A growing tumor may impinge on nerves in your abdomen, resulting in pain that may become severe. Pain medications may be prescribed to manage this pain. In addition, radiation and chemotherapy treatments may slow tumor growth and relieve some pain.
In more severe cases, your physician may recommend a procedure to inject alcohol into the abdominal nerves (a celiac plexus block). This procedure interrupts pain signals sent from this area to the brain.
Weight Loss
Several aspects of pancreatic cancer can cause weight loss. Weight loss might occur as the cancer disrupts the body’s metabolism. Nausea and vomiting caused by treatments or a tumor putting pressure on the stomach may make eating solid food difficult or impossible. Also, the body may not be able to fully process food because the pancreas isn’t producing enough digestive juices.
What Are the Treatments for Pancreatic Cancer?
Pancreatic cancer treatment depends upon the cancer’s stage and location and the patient’s overall health and personal preferences. Treatment can involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. In late-stage cancer, treatment may focus on palliative (supportive) care.
Surgery
Surgery aims to remove the cancerous tumor(s) from the organ. The procedure used will depend upon the location of the cancer in the pancreas.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (“Whipple procedure”): This procedure is used when the cancer is in the head of the pancreas. The operation requires surgical skill to remove the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder, part of the bile duct, and adjacent lymph nodes. Sometimes part of the stomach and colon are removed as well. Then, the surgeon reattaches the remaining parts of these organs to allow the patient to digest food.
Distal pancreatectomy: This procedure removes the pancreas’ left side (body and tail). The procedure may also involve removing your spleen.
Total pancreatectomy: As the name implies, this procedure completely removes the pancreas. While you can live relatively normally without this organ, you will need lifelong insulin treatments and enzyme replacement therapy.
Surgery for tumors affecting nearby blood vessels: If the tumor(s) involve nearby blood vessels, you may not be a candidate for the above surgical interventions. In that case, at some state-of-the-art medical centers, surgeons may offer operations that include removing and reconstructing the affected blood vessels.
Each of these surgeries carries the risk of significant complications and requires a long recovery. You'll remain in the hospital for several days after surgery and then continue recovery for several weeks at home.
Research shows pancreatic cancer surgery tends to cause fewer complications when performed by experienced surgeons at centers that have handled many of these operations. Ask about your surgeon’s experience with pancreatic cancer surgery. If you have doubts, consider a consultation with another doctor affiliated with a hospital known for its pancreatic surgery success.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs that are toxic to cancer cells. The drugs are administered as pills or through an IV.
Chemotherapy may be combined with other treatments or used as a stand-alone treatment, especially in advanced cancer cases. It can also be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery as a follow-up to eliminate any cancer cells not removed by the procedure.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy directs high-energy X-rays at the tumor to kill cancer cells. It is typically combined with chemotherapy. It may also be used for advanced patients who are not eligible for surgery to ease symptoms.
Targeted Therapy
In this treatment, drugs are used to target specific proteins that determine the spread and growth of the cancer. This therapy may also be combined with other modes of treatment. For example, erlotinib, olaparib, larotrectinib, and entrectinib are common medications for targeted therapy.
Pancreatic cancer can involve nearby nerves, which can be very painful. Your doctor may prescribe oral medications, steroid injections, or nerve blocks to manage the pain.
If you have pancreatic cancer, talk to your doctor to determine a treatment to ease your symptoms if you’ve started experiencing severe and enduring pain.
The National Cancer Institute offers an interactive chart that provides in-depth details on various treatment options, including the procedures involved and the relative efficacy and risks. Radiation therapy, for instance, is sometimes employed, but its efficacy for pancreatic cancer is a source of controversy.
How Does Mindset Affect Pancreatic Cancer?
According to the American Cancer Society, research has not shown that attitude, mood, or mind-body therapies impact cancer survival rates. Some recent research challenges that assessment, pointing out that “studies of the placebo effect are revealing that our mindsets can even leverage endogenous opioid and neuroimmune pathways, thereby directly changing physiology and shaping objective markers of health. During cancer treatment, mindsets about the meaning of illness (e.g., whether it is a catastrophe, a manageable challenge, or an opportunity to make positive life changes) are important.”
However, it is important to note that there is no medical evidence to conclude that the patient “brought cancer upon themselves” through negative thinking or due to a particular personality type.
Less controversial in the research is the recognition that interventions like biofeedback, meditation, support group attendance, therapy for depression, and visualization can help manage symptoms, discomfort, and the mental challenges associated with such a diagnosis.
A pancreatic cancer diagnosis is undoubtedly a difficult and life-altering experience. Talk to your health care provider about your options for addressing the mental and lifestyle issues surrounding living with cancer. Consider joining a support group for people with pancreatic cancer; your health care provider can provide leads on both online and in-person groups. Spending time with others experiencing the same challenges can improve your mental and emotional health. You may also want to meet with a therapist or social worker to address the feelings that arise.
What Are the Natural Approaches to Pancreatic Cancer?
There is limited peer-reviewed research on natural approaches to pancreatic cancer.
One notable exception is a promising study that showed one of the active ingredients of Nigella sativa oil (black seed oil), thymoquinone, kills pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and interferes with their replication process. Further research is underway to try to isolate and enhance the oil’s active properties for the development of pharmaceutical treatment.
A literature review published in 2021 looked at natural compounds used in several traditional Asian medicines, including Korean, Thai, and Chinese, and found that several compounds showed evidence of contributing to the death of cancer cells, including Eucalyptus microcorys, a species of Eucalyptus native to Australia and commonly known as tallowwood, as well as Moringa and coix seed (Job’s tears), which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties.
How Can I Prevent Pancreatic Cancer?
There is no surefire method to prevent pancreatic cancer, but there are steps you can take to reduce your risk.
Quit smoking: Smoking cigarettes is believed to cause roughly 25 percent of pancreatic cancers. Nicotine impacts the secretion of the pancreas. Smoking can cause the carcinogen N-nitrite to enter the bile duct and then reflux into the pancreatic duct, thus inducing pancreatic cancer.
Fruits, Vegetables and Balanced diet: Eat a light, low-fat diet, emphasizing cereals, beans, fish, and shrimp, vegetables such as radishes and green vegetables like broccoli and cabbage, and fruits such as grapes, kiwis, figs, and so forth.
Outdoor aerobic exercise: Engage in regular exercise such as walking, cycling, and swimming. Exercise promotes vitality and immunity and exercises bones and muscles, which supports optimal tissue and organ functioning. It also prevents cancer due to its ability to mobilize the immune system and enhance T-cell function. In July 2022, a research team at the New York University School of Medicine published a study in the international oncology journal Cancer Cell. Researchers found that in mice afflicted with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, aerobic exercise slowed tumor growth.
Regular physical checkups: Regular physical examination and screening improve the detection rate of early pancreatic cancer, enhancing one’s prognosis and allowing physicians to use the full spectrum of treatments, including surgery, which is crucial to the long-term survival of this disease.
Self-protection at work: If you work in an environment where you are exposed to chemicals, take all necessary precautions to reduce exposure, including wearing masks, gloves, and, where applicable, hazard suits.
Manage Stress: Stress can lead to an impaired immune system as well as metabolic and endocrine dysfunction. Impairments in these systems create a more inviting environment for cancer to develop and aggressively advance.
Reduce intake of sugary foods: Instead, opt for high-protein and whole-grain foods, nuts, and legumes. For instance, incorporate boiled or lightly fried fish, chicken, eggs, oatmeal, corn, millet, and rye into your diet.
Increase intake of healthy fats: Research has shown that olive oil consumption can reduce the risk of cancer.
We are pleased to announce that the first-of-its-kind protocol utilizing Ivermectin, Mebendazole, and Fenbendazole for cancer treatment has been peer-reviewed and officially published on September 19, 2024. Spearheaded by leading researchers like Dr. Ilyes Baghli, Dr. Pierrick Martinez, and the FLCCC’s Dr. Paul Marik, this groundbreaking protocol harnesses the untapped power of Ivermectin, Mebendazole, and Fenbendazole, known for their effectiveness against parasites. Now, these drugs are showing potential to battle cancer, marking the dawn of a new treatment evolution. This trio of repurposed drugs has been shown to disrupt the growth of cancer cells, particularly by targeting microtubules, the essential structures that allow cancer to multiply uncontrollably. What makes this protocol even more potent is the synergistic effect when these drugs are used together, creating a powerful new affordable weapon against cancer. According to oncologist Dr William Makis: “ This paper is the FI...
If you have been diagnosed with cancer, or have a loved one that is suffering from cancer, chances are you have heard about the Joe Tippens Cancer Protocol. The Fenbendazole Cancer Protocol has been gaining rapid interest over the past years following some fenbendazole advanced cancer success stories . We have seen tremendous demand for some sort of guide on how to use fenbendazole for cancer as there is also tremendous confusion both from the healthcare and non-healthcare communities. Joe Tippens founded the protocol (1) after he was told a story about a scientist at Merck Animal Health that had been performing cancer research on mice. The research included injecting different types of cancers into different mice body parts. The scientists discovered, through trial and error, a product in their canine product line, fenbendazole, that was batting 1.000 in killing these different cancers in the mice. The scientist was later diagnosed with ...
Ivermectin Resources Recently, I have seen tremendous demand for some sort of initial guidance “WHERE TO START” with High Dose Ivermectin for CANCER. Editor's Note: Dr Makis proposes four distinct cancer protocols for using Ivermectin in cancer treatment, specifically for patients who have developed turbo cancer or aggressive cancers. These protocols, referred to as the “Dr. Makis Ivermectin Cancer Protocols,” are categorized based on dosage and the severity of the cancer. I have an article and a video that go into depth: June 10, 2024 - "15 minutes with Dr.Makis" - Episode 018: High Dose Ivermectin and Cancer . 2025 studies on ivermectin for cancer Yuan Yuan et al (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center) - A phase I/II study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ivermectin in combination with balstilimab in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (ASCO 2025) Yuwen et al - A Review of Ivermectin Use in Cancer Patients: Is it Time to Repurpose the Ivermectin in Cance...
Introduction This article discusses dosage considerations and key factors regarding the use of ivermectin in cancer treatment. Commonly available information about ivermectin dosages is often inaccurate when applied to potential cancer-related uses. Many sources cite standard dosages recommended by Merck for treating parasitic infections, rather than dosages studied specifically in the context of cancer research. The anti-parasitic dosage is not as effective for people looking for a dosage against cancer. Dosage will need to be adjusted according to cancer type and stage. Ivermectin dosage should be based on ivermectin cancer studies. Multiple factors are considered including studies including ivermectin for cancer, anecdotal studies and case series, the aggressiveness of the cancer type and the cancer stage. Cancer dosage estimation can be adjusted based on the time that a person has to beat cancer or its risk to the patient - this includes both the cancer type and whether the ca...
Table of Contents: Editor's Preface Introduction Fenbendazole Case Series Compilation (alphabetical) Breast Cancer Success Stories (35 cases) Brain Cancer (including Glioblastoma) (3 cases) Bile Duct Cancer (Cholangiocarcinoma) Bladder Cancer Success Stories (7 cases) Cervical Cancer (2 cases) Colorectal Cancer (23 cases) Esophageal and Stomach cancer (6 cases) Endometrial Cancer (6 cases) Gastric (Stomach) cancer (3 cases) Head and Neck Cancer (10 cases) Kidney Cancer Case Series (10 cases) Liver Cancer (2 cases) Lung Cancer (18 cases) Leukemia (2 cases) Lymphoma (8 cases) Melanoma (Skin Cancer) Multiple Myeloma (2 cases) Myelodysplastic Syndrome Oral Cancer Ovarian Cancer (4 cases) Pancreatic Cancer (19 cases) Prostate Cancer (19 cases) Sarcoma (3 cases) Skin C...
DMSO is a medical abbreviation for DiMethyl SulfOxide. Modern medicine often sidelines "miracle" drugs that work too well. Despite decades of evidence showing that the naturally occurring chemical Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is a remarkably safe and versatile treatment for a range of challenging conditions — such as strokes, head trauma, spinal cord injuries, dementia, and even Down Syndrome (63) — it has been largely overlooked. This sidelining is particularly remarkable as DMSO is also one of the most effective treatments for acute and chronic pain, musculoskeletal injuries, and chronic degenerative conditions (e.g., arthritis). DMSO, Nature’s Healer DMSO is a powerful, natural compound with several unique properties that make it an incredibly versatile healing agent: Rapid absorption — When applied to the skin or ingested, DMSO quickly spreads throughout the body. ...
Fenbendazole is an established broad spectrum anti-parasitic used against intestinal parasites including: giardia, roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, the tapeworm genus Taenia (but not effective against Dipylidium caninum, a common dog tapeworm), pinworms, aelurostrongylus, paragonimiasis, strongyles, and strongyloides that are administered to sheep, cattle, horses, fish, dogs, cats, rabbits, most reptiles, freshwater shrimp tanks as planaria and hydra treatments, as well as seals. Common brand names include Pancur, Panacur C and Safe-Guard. One such study found unexpected tumor growth inhibition in a group of mice treated with a combination of Fenbendazole and vitamins. As more studies emerge – some already published, some currently ongoing – a rapidly growing number of human patients are taking Fenbendazole to treat their cancer. A cancer treatment method known as the Joe Tippens Fenbendazole Cancer Protocol has been gaining rapid interest over the past years following some fenbe...
Abstract Cancer continues to pose a significant global health burden, particularly with the rise of aggressive and treatment-resistant malignancies such as triple-negative breast cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and glioblastoma. In response to the limitations of current therapies, there is growing interest in the repurposing of antiparasitic agents—specifically fenbendazole, mebendazole, and ivermectin—for oncological applications. This review synthesizes recent preclinical and emerging clinical evidence on the anticancer mechanisms and therapeutic potential of these drugs. Fenbendazole, a benzimidazole compound, demonstrates anticancer activity through microtubule destabilization, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of glucose metabolism, though its clinical application is challenged by poor solubility and bioavailability. Mebendazole, a structurally related benzimidazole with better human pharmacokinetics, similarly disrupts microtubule function and induces apoptosis, showing effica...
Fenbendazole is a broad spectrum anti-parasitic used against gastrointestinal parasites including: giardia, roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, the tapeworm genus Taenia (but not effective against Dipylidium caninum, a common dog tapeworm), pinworms, aelurostrongylus, paragonimiasis, strongyles, and strongyloides that can be administered to sheep, cattle, horses, fish, dogs, cats, rabbits, most reptiles, freshwater shrimp tanks as planaria and hydra treatments, as well as seals. (1) Fenbendazole, has garnered attention for its potential use in humans. The Fenbendazole Cancer Protocol gained rapid interest over the past years following some fenbendazole advanced cancer success stories . Joe Tippens founded the protocol after he was told a story about a scientist at Merck Animal Health that had been performing cancer research on mice. The research included injecting different types of cancers into different mice body parts. The scientists...
What is Fenbendazole used for in humans? Fenbendazole (also known as fenben) is a veterinary medication used to treat parasites and worms such as tapeworms, hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms, in animals. It is commonly used under brand names like Panacur C and Safe-Guard. If you have been diagnosed with cancer, or have a loved one that is suffering from cancer, chances are you have heard about the Joe Tippens Cancer Protocol. The Fenbendazole Cancer Protocol has been gaining rapid interest over the past years following some fenbendazole advanced cancer success stories. Joe Tippens founded the protocol after he was told a story about a scientist at Merck Animal Health that had been performing cancer research on mice. The research included injecting different types of cancers into different mice body parts. The scientists discovered, through trial and error, a product in their canine product line, fenbendazole, that was batting 1.000 in killing these di...
.png)
.png)
%20in%20a%20visually%20appealing%20way,%20without%20any%20text.%20The%20background%20is%20split_%20one%20side%20has%20a%20sci.webp)
.png)
.png)
.png)
Comments
Post a Comment