Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) with neoantigen-reactive T lymphocytes: New Immunotherapy Shows Promise in Fighting Colon Cancer

In a new development, scientists have weaponized patients’ own immune cells to combat metastatic colon cancer.

This innovative approach, which genetically enhances lymphocytes to target and destroy cancer cells, has shown promising results in a recent National Institutes of Health trial.

With colorectal cancer rates rising among younger adults, this personalized cellular immunotherapy offers hope in the fight against advanced-stage tumors.

Engineered Immune Cells Shrink Solid Tumors

The recent study, published in Nature Medicine on July 11, 2024 investigated a new cellular immunotherapy designed to combat metastatic solid tumors.

Lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell generated in bone marrow, are found in blood, lymph tissue, and lymphoid organs such as the thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. The two main types are B-cells, which produce antibodies to attack invading pathogens, and T-cells, which destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells.

The new therapy builds on successes with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies, extending their application to solid tumors.

CAR T-cell therapy uses T-cells from a patient’s blood, while TIL therapy uses T-cells from a patient’s tumor. Doctors then grow and strengthen more of these cells before returning them to the body to attack the cancer.

The new approach isolates specific T-cell receptors that recognize unique tumor antigens, creates modified lymphocytes in a lab, and reintroduces them into the patient’s body.

The study included seven participants with metastatic colon cancer. Three patients showed tumor shrinkage, primarily in the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes. Sustained tumor control was up to seven months. About 20 percent of immune cells in one patient still carried the engineered receptors two years post-treatment.

“The fact that we can take a growing metastatic solid cancer and get it to regress shows that the new cellular immunotherapy approach has promise,” Dr. Steven Rosenberg, chief of the Surgery Branch at the National Cancer Institute and lead author of the study, said in a statement. However, he added that these findings are preliminary and need further refinement and testing in more types of solid cancers.

The ongoing trial now includes patients with various solid tumors.

“It’s just the very beginning of converting normal lymphocytes into cells capable of treating the common solid cancers,” Rosenberg added. “Once you know it’s possible, you work to improve it.”

Findings a ‘Huge Sign of Hope’: Expert

Immunotherapy attacks cancer differently from chemotherapy and can prevent common side effects such as fatigue, nausea, hair loss, and low blood counts, Dr. Chaoyuan Kuang, an assistant professor of oncology, medicine, and molecular pharmacology at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center who was not involved in the study, told The Epoch Times.

This trial tested a personalized cellular immunotherapy, distinct from immune checkpoint inhibitors, a type of immunotherapy that blocks proteins that stop the immune system from attacking cancer cells.

Most colon cancers are microsatellite stable (MSS) or “MMR proficient,” and they typically don’t respond to standard immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors. MSS refers to the condition of DNA in tumor cells. In MSS tumors, the DNA remains stable with few mutations. Microsatellite instability, on the other hand, means tumor DNA is unstable and highly mutated. Doctors often test for MSS in colorectal cancer to help guide treatment decisions.

This treatment combines personalized medicine and immunotherapy—“the best of two worlds,” Kuang said. Getting responses in several of seven colon cancer patients is a “huge sign of hope,” he noted.

Reposted from: https://www.theepochtimes.com/health/new-immunotherapy-shows-promise-in-fighting-colon-cancer-5695658